CHILDREN'S FOLKLORE
 
 

TEASING CHANTS

Children's lore can be regarded as a phenomenon occupying a transitional position between the spoken and sung forms of folklore. Its tunes, with the exception of shepherds' songs, have undergone very slight changes, and there exist a lot of variants of the same type that are sung in one area and recited in another. Yet, all of them demonstrate a tendency to rhyme and to put a witty saying into a rhythmic form. Most of the genres of children's lore, e.g. shepherd trill, addresses to the sun or rain, magic chants, some counting-out rhymes, once related to traditional religious or magic beliefs, were redone by children later. In contrast to adults, children created their songs on the spot, with immediate improvisations - the feature which can also be attributed to teasing chants. The latter genre is represented by addresses directed to close friends, adults, animals. They were performed by teenagers, mainly shepherds, whose loud shouting was accompanied by mimicking gestures.
Teasing chants can be subdivided into several groups according to the intentions of their verse, which include: mocking at bad habits, making fun of names, mocking at other shepherds or animals. The chants meant for making fun of names comprise the most numerous group and are characterised by extremely drastic themes. Another group, including the chants meant to mock at shepherds, is related to work and other activities or games shepherds were engaged in. Teasing chants meant for making fun of birds or animals contain a lot of mimicking. In these chants, the most common addressee is the stork. Traditionally, this bird has been allotted a very special place in Lithuanian customs, related to peoples' beliefs, superstitions, weather predictions, etc. It was maintained, that the stork would bring fortune to the homestead where its nest had been made. Children used to believe and some still keep believing that the stork can bring a baby brother or sister from a pond or a river. The song Gandrai gandrai, ga ga ga ("You stork, you stork, ga ga ga") [mp3]  is very popular in Eastern Aukðtaitija. Actually, it tells not about the stork, but about his wife - a bad witch, who did not give a bun to a child. Such songs chiefly were created and performed by shepherds, and their tunes did not range widely. Nowadays, teasing chants addressed to the stork have a number of versions in Aukðtaitija, Dzûkija and Þemaitija, where the stork is called different names: busilas, starkus, bacënas, etc. In teasing chants, like in children's folklore of other kinds, melodic organisation of the stanza, especially the rhythm and the rhyme, play a very important role. Meaningful elements are usually suppressed by numerous puns, sound peculiarities, rhythm. A word is simply "stuck" to the stanza in order to make it sound better; therefore, teasing chants seem to be well-filled with all kinds of meaningless but clearly heard word couples, which makes a great impression on children. All the tunes typical of teasing chants tend not to vary a lot, and mostly are characterised by an astrophic, recitative form, narrow range, imitative, shouting intonations, and particularly accentuated rhythm.
As compared to other genres of children's folklore, including lullabies, amusements, animal descriptions, formula songs, the records of the tunes of teasing chants make up the smallest group. This probably was determined by the conditions of their existence as well as by their original intention. In fact, the same teasing chant used to be sung in one place, whereas somewhere else only its rhymed verse was recited.

With the loss of their original intention and their natural surroundings, children's songs started to disappear at an alarming rate. Fortunately, having acquired new forms of existence, they are undergoing kind of revival today.

 

 
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